抄襲、偷取，或是致敬？ 大家來比一比歌單

蘋果電腦創辦人賈伯斯，論及創意，常常引用畢卡索（Picasso）的名言：「好的藝術家懂得抄（copy），偉大的藝術家則會偷（steal）。」究竟“抄”與“偷”之間，到底有甚麼不同呢？有哪些的是純屬巧合不小心撞曲，有哪些又是刻意引用，向哪位大師致敬呢？

在去年（2012）12/1 第三場《古典。觀點》講座中，焦元溥老師舉了有夠多的例子，就放在這裡，一一讓各位比較一番。



相似組

相似組1

▲Ernest Chausson - Symphony in B-flat major, Op. 20
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1EJ7Lm32KWU?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Wagner Nurnberg Overture
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dOb2XsqYawk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

相似組2

▲Ernest Chausson - Le Roi Arthus, Act 1. Prelude and scene
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/or_9Wq-lo-Q?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Wagner - Tristan und Isolde act 3 Prelude
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fktwPGCR7Yw?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> 

改編相似曲

▲Sigismond Thalberg - Op. 33 Fantaisie sur des thèmes de l’opéra Moïse de G. <iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_3maaBk9vOw?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

相似組3：和聲相似

▲Pachelbel - Cannon in D
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uSMwZusKOq0?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Haydn - Cello Concerto No.1 in C major, 2nd movement 
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V0vIhHIKRSw?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Beethoven - The Quartet in A minor, Op. 132, III（中間長音過後）
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Gxmhpaq6I4E?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲久石讓－天空之城主題曲（和聲轉成小調版－2:44）
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YtTr2agjDAg?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Mozart - Piano concerto 24 4th movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QTILEcrfJUk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

相似組 4：放膽直接用
▲Could it be magic 
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vDEynk7SwxE?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Chopin - Prelude, No. 20, Op. 28 in C minor
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-uTB86idcu0?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

相似組 5
▲Aram Khachaturian - Spartacus - Adagio

<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/of5ebCY5__Q?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲陶喆&蔡依林－今天你要嫁给我
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/21_0MI4OTRI?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

相似組 6
▲Richard Strauss - Eine Alpensinfonie, Op. 64 - Auf dem Gipfel
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8r4IOQtS86M?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Bruch - Volin Concerto 2nd movement
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iFqLK6YEfoU?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

相似組 7
▲Mozart Oboe Concerto in C major, K. 314 3rd movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0EF7SyWBAo4?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Flute Concerto No.2 in D Major, K.314 3rd movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/voEeJHtLeN8?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> 

致敬組1
▲Beethoven - Symphony No. 3 in E flat major Op. 55 1st movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tHvztnHOWEQ?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Richard Strauss - Ein Heldenleben, Op. 40 - Der Held
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4EWA2_1iwgU?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

致敬組2：向貝多芬致敬，順便也向自己致敬....
▲Richard Strauss - Ein Heldenleben, Op. 40 - Des Helden Walstatt
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TgiOqyapol4?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Richard Strauss - Don Juan, Symphonic Poem Op. 20
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CcBGsjPky0c?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

致敬組3
▲Gabriel Faure Requiem - Pie jesu
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dHbUebcQopo?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Lily Boulanger - Pie jesu
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DRt9T_cGIBo?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

致敬組4
▲Gregorian Chant - Dies Irae（被致敬者）
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-fMHms5Cvsw?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Berlioz - Symphonie Fantastique Op. 14 5th movement（中間段落）
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RTvp7wLzzjk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Franz Liszt - Totentanz
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7nVmFlSV1ok?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Brahms - Six Pieces for Piano, Op. 118, No. 6. Intermezzo in E flat minor
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WMjxw08BFh0?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Sergei Rachmaninoff - Symphonic Dances 3rd movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/luYTzah6J9U?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

也出現在《Some like it hot》、《The Ring》、《The Lion King》等電影配樂中。

偷偷模仿組 1
▲Chopin Etude Op.10 No.12 'Revolutionary'（結尾）
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w2vLEQno9Ks?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 32 1st movement（結尾）
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pSIVfnsSOns?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

偷偷模仿組2
▲Bach - Well Tempered Clavier, prelude 1
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/98Rh0jbTh0U?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Chopin Etude Op.10 No.1
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nMM6h9Yf348?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

偷偷模仿組3
▲Mozart - Sonata in C major, K. 545 1st movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nkrwUagtwSk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Schubert - Symphony No. 5 in B flat major, D.485 1st movement
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZZkX3J-PblM?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

偷偷模仿組 4：結構
▲Beethoven Piano Sonata No.16 3rd movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1_oiYgCmRII?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Schubert Piano Sonata D959 4th movement
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sSHgaHLMdJA?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

偷偷模仿組5：結構
▲Beethoven Piano Sonata No.18 4th movement
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ube3eSUAkBI?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Schubert Piano Sonata D958 4th movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cVc9N_nSdNk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

音樂密碼組1
Schumann喜歡一位女子名叫Abegg，將名字編成音樂
▲Schumann-'Abegg' Variations, Op.1
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0c7ZPGSEjWQ?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

音樂密碼組2
以海頓的名字HAYDN 編碼
▲Ravel - Menuet sur le nom d'Haydn
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/G_JF6BDP4u0?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲Debussy - Hommage à Joseph Haydn, L.115
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VBj5KMYAzU0?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

音樂密碼組3
Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich 用 DSCHàD, 降E, C, B 代表自己
▲String Quartet No.8 in C minor op.110 1st movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XcB4QzHH9to?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

▲String Quartet No.8 in C minor op.110 2nd movement
<iframe width="420" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PjvTTfbpWjY?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

彙整／Elsa