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今年剛落成於沙烏地阿拉伯利雅德（Riyadh）的阿卜杜拉國王石油研究中心（King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Centre, KAPSARC），為一非營利組織，致力於更有效能源使用研究、與全球專家一同合作公開分享相關知識，並降低能源對環境衝擊以提供全球社會福利為宗旨的組織。在此目的設定下，負責設計的Zaha Hadid事務所也以白色外觀與兼具透明與穿孔透風的外立面構造，來傳達再生能源與環保的意象

面積達70,000平方米的KAPSARC由五棟建築體組合而成，分別是能源知識中心、能源電腦中心、300人的會議中心、超過100,000卷書籍的研究圖書館及一棟被稱為Musalla可供祈禱的空間。在高科技使用及與環境整合的核心理念下，事務所利用室內公共空間的串連，將五棟功能不同如模組外型的大樓巧妙地連結起來，不但讓KAPSARC迎合了利雅得高原（Riyadh Plateau）的環境條件以降低能源的耗損，也讓此項目為該事務所第一次獲得美國綠色建築委員會LEED白金認證。

事務所使用了六角稜形的蜂巢式結構來創造如蜂巢般的開窗，如此的設計不但可減少材料上的使用，如水晶般的白色外立面也與四周的沙漠環境產生了色彩上的對比，也創造了符合室內功能需求的空間。蜂巢狀的格線則像是集中於中心處向西延伸，如同是當地河谷的再次延伸感。

該中心為一個具前瞻性的研究機構，因此KAPSARC在結構設計上也以不改變建築視覺的情況下可加以擴展或調整。模組化的設計不但可依空間需求進行調整，六邊形的設計也較四邊方形更具連結性。KAPSARC的五棟量體依需求有著不同的空間及尺寸，更可依未來需求擴增如蜂巢狀的模組空間；在外型的設計上也以可解決利雅得高原上的強烈日晒與嚴熱溫度為首要考量。

KAPSARC有著能抵抗當地極端氣候的外表，內部則為多孔結構，其六角形蜂巢孔的設計在各棟建築中創造了弱化強烈日光的封閉式中庭。在陽光與風力的考量下，稜柱形的量體特地往南、東及西方昇高以防止日光直射入內，而面向北及西北方的中庭則能引進斜射的日光。

沙漠區是個水資源貧乏的地區，卻擁有充裕的日光能源。事務所也考量了這些特性而在KAPSARC的設計上配置了太陽能板，每年可產生5,000MWh的電量，同時所有飲用水都是回收再利用，且100%的灌溉用水來自非飲用水源；而40%的建築材料來自於500英里內，30%的材料為可回收的材料再次利用。因此除了美國綠色建築委員會LEED白金認證外，在環境永續、安全性及生產力的評量下，KAPSARC也在沙烏地阿拉伯Honeywell Smart Building Awards獎項中KAPSARC被評為是「最聰明」的建築。

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【延伸閱讀】
>Zaha Hadid Architects 事務所
http://www.zaha-hadid.com/

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編譯／蘇琨峰　圖片／Zaha Hadid Architects

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蘇琨峰／Andre

一隻喜愛新事物也對舊事物固執的牡羊。台北工專土木工程科、雲林科技大學營建工程結構組畢業，工作後決定離職前往澳洲再度充實自己並一圓留學夢，畢業於墨爾本大學經濟與商業研究所，主修商業與資訊管理。喜歡看建築、旅行探險、攝影、網球、及爵士樂團薩克斯風手。目前為《欣建築／國際脈動》編譯、文字記者、辦理欣建築相關活動及國際領隊。

圖片說明：Editor Andre

Article source

KAPSARC (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Centre) is a non-profit institution for independent research into policies that contribute to the most effective use of energy to provide social wellbeing across the globe.

KAPSARC develops policies and economic frameworks that reduce the environmental impact and overall costs of energy supply and enable practical technology-based solutions to use energy more efficiently.

Collaborating with international research centres, public policy organisations, worldwide government institutions and global industry, KAPSARC brings together leading experts from around the world to tackle energy challenges; freely sharing its knowledge, insights and analytical frameworks.

The 70,000m² KAPSARC campus incorporates five buildings: the Energy Knowledge Centre; the Energy Computer Centre; a Conference Centre with exhibition hall and 300-seat auditorium; a Research Library with archives for 100,000 volumes; and the Musalla, an inspirational place for prayer within the campus.

KAPSARC’s design has solid technical and environmental considerations at its heart, drawing the five elements of the campus into a unified whole. ZHA’s first project to be awarded LEED Platinum certification by the US Green Building Council, the centre is designed in response to the environmental conditions of the Riyadh Plateau to minimise energy and resource consumption.

The primary organising strategy of the design is a cellular, partially modular system that integrates different departmental buildings as a single ensemble with interconnecting public spaces.

Hexagonal prismatic honeycomb structures use the least material to create a lattice of cells within a given volume. This structural and organisational principle determined KAPSARC’s composition as an amalgamation of crystalline forms that emerges from the desert landscape, evolving to best respond to the environmental conditions and internal programme requirements. The honeycomb grid is compressed towards its central axis as an extension of the natural wadi that runs to the west.

A research centre is by its very nature a forward-looking institution and KAPSARC’s architecture also looks to the future with a formal composition that can be expanded or adapted without compromising the centre’s visual character.

The modular design generates consistent organisational, spatial and structural strategies that drive all elements of the plan. The six sides of the hexagonal cells also offer greater opportunities for increased connectivity when compared to rectangular cells with only four sides.

KAPSARC’s five buildings differ in size and organisation to best suit their use. Each building is divided into its component functions and can be adapted to respond to changes in requirements or working methods. Additional cells can readily be introduced by extending KAPSARC’s honeycomb grid for future expansion of the research campus.

The specific arrangement and form of KAPSARC’s buildings contribute to softening the strong light and heat of the Riyadh Plateau.

The buildings of the campus surround a large public courtyard shaded by canopies supported from a forest of crafted steel columns. Presenting a solid, protecting shell to the harsh sunlight from the south, the KAPSARC campus opens to north and west; encouraging prevailing winds from the north to cool the courtyard during temperate months and facilitating connections with any future expansion of the campus to the north, as well as creating connections with the researcher’s residential community to the west.

Privileging the pedestrian, each of the buildings within the campus is entered through this central public courtyard that also serves as a meeting space and link between buildings during temperate seasons. An underground link also connects the main buildings on the campus for use at the hottest times of the year.

With its strong, protective shell on the exterior that shields from the extremes in weather, KAPSARC’s architecture is porous within. Specific hexagonal cells strategically located within each building are left open to create a series of sheltered courtyards that bring softly-controlled daylight into the interior.

Orientated for the sun and wind conditions, the crystalline forms of the prismatic architectural cells gain in height towards the south, west, and east to shield internal spaces from direct sunlight, while the courtyards within are oriented to the north and northwest to bring indirect sunlight into the spaces below.

‘Wind-catchers’ integrated within the roof profiles on the southern sides of each courtyard catch the prevailing winds from the north, cooling each courtyard.

KAPSARC’s architecture promotes transparency and encourages an active exchange between researchers and visitors. By strategically off-setting floorplates, spatial layering effects are created throughout the centre to provide views to the floors above and below; offering transparency between floors in public areas designed as collective zones for researchers to meet informally and exchange ideas. Secure areas and rooms requiring privacy are located within areas of each building where floorplates overlap.

KAPSARC was awarded LEED Platinum certification from the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) through its application of passive and active solutions including:
•A 45% reduction in energy performance (compared to the ASHRAE baseline standards) achived via KAPSARC’s building massing and orientation, façade optimisation, system selection and the solar PV array located on the roof of the south-facing Conference Centre with a capacity of 5,000MWh/year.
•All KAPSARC’s potable water is recycled and reused on site and 100% of irrigation water is from non-potable sources.
•40% of KAPSARC’s construction materials have been sourced from within 500 miles, and 30% of materials made with recycled content.
•98% of all wood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
•4,000 tonnes of waste separated and diverted from landfill.
KAPSARC has also been named Saudi Arabia’s ‘smartest’ building in the Honeywell Smart Building Awards programme. Based on criteria that include environmental sustainability, safety and productivity, KAPSARC received outstanding scores across all three categories.

As a forum of innovation and collective research, KAPSARC’s convention centre recently hosted its first major public conference, with more than 20,000 visitors attending Saudi Design Week 2017.

【More Information】
>Zaha Hadid Architects
http://www.zaha-hadid.com/
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Editor／Andre Photos／Zaha Hadid Architects

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Andre

A male Aries, loves learning new things and being nostalgic to old things. Academic background: Bachelor of Construction Engineering Department at National YunTech University, Taiwan and Diploma of Graduate School of Business and Economics at University of Melbourne. With character of a little introvert, addicting to architecture, photography, tennis, Jazz music and saxophone and being the translator of Xin Architecture/ International, reporter, holder of activities and international tour leader.

Zaha Hadid－阿卜杜拉國王石油研究中心