編譯／蘇琨峰　　文／Zaha Hadid Architects

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

貝魯特美國大學（American University of Beirut，AUB）從2002年起與Sasaki Associates及一些夥伴像是MGT of America及Dar Al-Handasa等單位開始了一系列校園改造計劃，期望能在硬體設備的完善下提昇該校學術程度並達到國際教學水準。由札哈•哈蒂建築師事務所（Zaha Hadid Architects，ZHA）所設計的貝魯特美國大學伊薩姆•菲爾斯公共政策與國際事務研究所（Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs，IFI）就是計劃中一項精采的設計作品。

Photographer:Luke_Hayes

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

時間推回至2006年時，為何校園改造計劃的評審團會選上ZHA所設計的IFI大樓呢？正是因為IFI大樓讓室內大部份的設施都像是“飄浮”在入口的中庭上方，不但間接保留出一處校園新空間，也符合了校園改造計劃中的景觀保留原則，而IFI所座落地點剛好也連結了校園中的?圓形宿舍（Central Oval）、充滿林木的中間校區直到北方的地中海。IFI大樓保留了周圍樹齡達120至180年的樹木，而其位置就如同是校園中的交通樞紐，更像是學術交流中的聚集點，一處匯集了互動與對話的校園中心。

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

IFI大樓中的通道匯集在架高的入口中庭，這公共的空間就像是可遮蔽的戶外空間，也像是走在周圍高樹樹蔭的延伸，當然也是一處可隨意聊天或是討論的場所。而IFI大樓的另一特色便是穿梭在樹林間的架高斜坡走道，直接地連接了二樓的研究區與校園，而研討室及辦公室則設計在可由斜坡進入的一樓處。

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

IFI大樓其他空間如閱讀室、會議室及工作室等等則像是“飄浮”在空中，帶給學生們另類的學習感受；位於大樓北面擁有100個座位的講堂有著專用入口，如此在使用時不致於影響到其他學生的作息，內部的隔間也使用墨色不透光玻璃，更適合參與者間彼此的討論與互動。IFI大樓使用了當地最常使用的現場灌模工法，加上被動式設計方法、高效率主動系統及回收水源科技則將對當地的環境影響降到最低。

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

當初設計大樓的目的就是想把IFI當成是貝魯特美國大學、研究者與全球其他單位間的觸媒及連接點。在與校園間的動線規劃、景觀視野及連結性上，IFI大樓就像是個立體的匯集點，一個讓學生、職員及參觀者能真正親自參與並產生互動的地方。

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

從黎巴嫩建築中探討建築中「背景 Context」的意義

建築中的「背景 Context」議題，也就是設計建築作品時所考量到的當地地理、歷史及人文的關連性，近年來在建築界中引起了不少的討論。在Zaha Hadid無以數計的流線型建築作品，或是Frank Gehry的爆炸性曲線設計中，和這議題的關連性到底有多大，似乎也不是這麼的明顯。

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

但不可諱言地，在近代的建築史中已很常看到Context概念與作品的結合，並對當地居民生活上產生了不小的影響。簡單地說，現代成功的建築師在21世紀的城市中，不論在文化上或是實用性上，都已朝向解決居住問題、美學及未來都市規劃的方向前進，而Zaha Hadid在貝魯特的這案子就是個很好的例子。

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

其實IFI奇特的外型在起初時也被批評與四周的環境看似有違合感，但在仔細的觀察下，Zaha Hadid用大膽的方式讓IFI突顯出當地綠地不足的問題，尤其是在貝魯特地區。理念很簡單，其實就是利用IFI當成是個連結點，將校園中的綠地與校園外的街道自然地串連了起來。同時，行人不易在貝魯特地區行走的問題，像是當地車輛路線及街道商店在規劃不良下時常阻礙行人行走的窘境，也在IFI的設計被突顯了出來。Zaha Hadid利用不同高度的坡道設計來連接大樓四周地形上不同的高度及樓層用以改善行走路徑上的順暢度。相同的設計理念在貝魯特美國大學的朱拜勒（Byblos）校區也有著相似的例子。1991年時Samir Khairallah and Partners事務所在高差達300公尺的校園中將六棟大樓的位置集中設計，試圖將對當地的綠地破壞影響降到最小。

圖片說明：First floor plan

圖片說明：Site Plan

圖片說明：2nd floor

圖片說明：3rd floor

圖片說明：4th floor

圖片說明：5th floor

圖片說明：Auditorium

圖片說明：Roof level

圖片說明：Section

【延伸閱讀】

作品導讀｜[Zaha Hadid Architects] 賽馬會創新樓 Jockey Club Innovation
https://solomo.xinmedia.com/archi/12587-ZahaHadid

Zaha Hadid Architects事務所
http://www.zaha-hadid.com

更多建築旅遊資訊，請上【建築行腳】專輯
http://www.xinmedia.com/n/featurestory_list.aspx?collectionid=111

更多國外建築脈動請上【國際脈動】　https://solomo.xinmedia.com/archi/news/International

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Profile

蘇琨峰／Andre

一隻喜愛新事物也對舊事物固執的牡羊。台北工專土木工程科、雲林科技大學營建工程結構組畢業，工作後決定離職前往澳洲再度充實自己並一圓留學夢，畢業於墨爾本大學經濟與商業研究所，主修商業與資訊管理。喜歡看建築、旅行探索、研究攝影、愛打網球、沉溺爵士樂當了爵士樂團薩克斯風手。目前為《欣建築／國際脈動》編譯、文字記者、辦理欣建築相關活動及國際領隊。

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

The Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs (IFI) building by Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA) at the American University of Beirut (AUB) continues the on-going implementation of the 2002 AUB Campus Master Plan by Sasaki Associates (in collaboration with Machado and Silvetti, MGT of America, and Dar Al-Handasa, Shair and Partners) to advance the university’s academic mission in the 21st Century with facilities of the highest international standards.

Photographer:Luke_Hayes

In 2006, the competition jury selected ZHA’s proposal to build the new institute. The design significantly reduces the building’s footprint by ‘floating’ much of the IFI’s facilities above the entrance courtyard to preserve the existing landscape integral to the 2002 master-plan, create a new public space for the campus, and establish links from the university’s Central Oval to the Middle Campus and Mediterranean Sea to the north.
The 3,000 sq. m. Issam Fares Institute building is defined by the many routes and connections within AUB; interweaving the pathways and views within the campus to create a forum for the exchange of ideas - a centre of interaction and dialogue - at the heart of the university.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

The IFI design introduces new links between the Central Oval with the forested area of the Middle Campus and sea beyond. Existing Ficus and Cypress trees on the IFI site (aged between 120 and 180 years old) are integral to the design. The building emerges from the geometries of intersecting routes as a series of interlocking platforms and spaces for research, engagement and discourse.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

The institute invites the community inside via the many connections and paths that converge at its double-height entrance courtyard. This new civic space for the university is a covered outdoor terrace and extension of the shaded area beneath the existing trees - a place for chance meetings and informal discussion - located at the nexus of pathways that traverse the site.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

A ramp leads between the trees to connect the research lounges on the second floor directly with the campus, while the first floor seminar room and offices are accessed at grade from the east and public courtyard to the west. These routes meet within the IFI to describe the atrium hall; establishing the institute as a crossroads - a central hub for students, faculty, researchers and visitors.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

The IFI’s reading room, conference workshops and research rooms ‘float’ above the exterior courtyard. The 100-seat auditorium is on the lowest level with its own entrance to the north, enabling the institute to host larger conferences and presentations without disrupting students, fellows and researchers working throughout the building. Internal partitions are in ink-pigmented glass to enable communication and interaction.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

The building takes full advantage of the region’s tradition and expertise of working with in-situ concrete. Passive design measures, high efficiency active systems and recycled water technologies minimise the building’s impact on the local and wider environment.
The IFI’s design builds upon the institute’s mission as a catalyst and connector between AUB, researchers and the global community. Routes, views and links within the campus converge to define the IFI as a three-dimensional intersection; a space for university’s students, fellows and visitors to meet, connect and engage with each other and the wider world.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

The New ‘Context’ in Architecture: Learning From Lebanon

Context in architecture has become a subject bloated with discussion and debate over the years. And, as a matter of fact, it has come to matter very little in its formal and typological sense. Take, for instance, the fluid forms that compose Zaha Hadid’s hundreds of projects around the world, or Frank Gehry’s exploding compositions seen from South America to the unmistakable Guggenheim in Bilbao. The form architecture takes in these cases, and countless others, is in itself a deliberate disregard towards context in its literal sense.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

But is this disregard for context a mistake? Observers would often say so, though I would like to disagree. It has become frequent that projects like these, largely formal and not politely accommodating their historic surrounding, actually take greater interest in social urban issues that have a direct impact on the city dwellers. Quite simply, successful architecture today is one that serves society culturally and practically, addressing tangible problems of 21st century cities and dealing with context in a solution-oriented manner, going beyond aesthetics (whose value is only temporary) and into future-invested urbanism. Case-in-point? My hometown: Beirut, Lebanon.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

Zaha Hadid’s design for the Issam Faris Institute at the American University of Beirut’s historic campus in Lebanon is a project often criticized for its obtrusive form in a sensitive surrounding. However, looking deeper, one cannot but notice the admirable decisions taken in the development of the project, which offer a bold way to address the almost dramatic lack of green public space in Lebanon – specifically Beirut.

Photographer:Hufton+Crow

First and foremost, the proposal offers access to a large, previously disconnected forest area of the campus both from within the building and from the street. While this decision pays respect to the inhabitants of both the building and campus, its more significant impact is on a larger scale. The message is simple: if there is a batch of greenery, allow people to get there with ease.

圖片說明：First floor plan

The difficulty of pedestrian navigation in Beirut is also tackled through the project. Zaha Hadid Architects placed ramps that connect different topographic levels and the different floors of the building, diminishing disconnections between elevations in the site, thus improving accessibility. The ramps, dedicated to walkers, come as a strong response to the local situation, where citizens often find themselves battling with cars and street shops for a place to walk.

圖片說明：Site Plan

Like the Issam Faris Institute, the Lebanese American University’s campus in Byblos similarly addressed the need to preserve green space for this rapidly urbanizing region. In 1991, Samir Khairallah and Partners was invited to design a six-building campus on a steep hill ranging in elevation from 200 to almost 500 meters above sea level. The architects decided to allocate the entire campus in a cluster flanking a main pedestrian street, a decision that honestly and directly presented the least damage to the existing greenery.

圖片說明：2nd floor

圖片說明：3rd floor

圖片說明：4th floor

圖片說明：5th floor

圖片說明：Auditorium

圖片說明：Roof level

圖片說明：Section

【More Information】
Jockey Club Innovation Tower／ Zaha Hadid Architects
https://solomo.xinmedia.com/archi/12587-ZahaHadid/2

Zaha Hadid Architects
http://www.zaha-hadid.com

More architecture tour information, here you go【Architecture Footprint】
http://www.xinmedia.com/n/featurestory_list.aspx?collectionid=111

More architecture works abroad, here you go 【International】　https://solomo.xinmedia.com/archi/news/International

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Profile
Andre

A male Aries, loves learning new things and being nostalgic to old things. Academic background: Bachelor of Construction Engineering Department at National YunTech University, Taiwan and Diploma of Graduate School of Business and Economics at University of Melbourne. With character of a little introvert, addicting to architecture, photography, tennis, Jazz music and saxophone and being the translator of Xin Architecture/ International, reporter, holder of activities and international tour leader.